Scientific Paper on a Water Flea - 751 Words

The Effects of Alcohol and Caffeine on the Heartbeat Rate in Daphnia Magnus ï ¿ ¼ Erika Huizenga Ashley Kofahl The Effects of Alcohol and Caffeine on the Heartbeat Rate in Daphnia Magnus Abstract The projects purpose was to determine the effects of alcohol and caffeine on the heartbeat rate in Daphnia Magnus. Our hypothesis is alcohol causes a decrease in heart rate, whereas caffeine causes an accelerated heart rate, predicting that the more caffeine we give the daphnia the faster it heartbeat rate will become and the heartbeat rate will decrease as we give the Daphnia alcohol. After doing the experiment we found that the more caffeine we added to the Daphnia Magna the faster its heartbeat rate became. We also found that†¦show more content†¦We Placed 1 drop of a 1% caffeine solution on the Daphnia. After waiting for a few seconds we began to count the heart beats and recorded the results on our data sheet. Next we removed the excess solution from the Daphnia and flushed it with aquarium water. Using the same procedure we monitored the effects of 1 1/2% and 2.0% caffeine solutions and recorded our results and placed the Daphnia in the recovery tank. After completing the caffeine series, we obtained a the second set of drugs. This time instead of using caffeine we used varied concentrations of alcohol 2%, 4% and 6% using the same method as the caffeine procedure. Again recording our results and placing the Daphnia in the recovery tank when finished. Results The original purpose of this experiment was to determine how alcohol and caffeine effected the heartbeat rate of a Daphnia. The results of the experiment were that the higher percentage caffeine and alcohol placed onto the Daphnia the higher the heart rate. Average Daphnia Magnus Heartbeats per Minute ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼ Conclusion After completing the experiment we found that when we gave the Daphnia caffeine the heartbeat rate did show an increase. However, we also found that alcohol also increased the number of times the heart beat. Even though we performed all of the experiments very carefully, we cannot be certain that the effect we saw was due to the drugs. Perhaps the change in heartbeat rate is caused byShow MoreRelatedDaphnia Experiment Report1504 Words   |  7 Pageseffect on heart rate. To test this, daphnia will be placed in water and then caffeine solution, so the difference in heart rates can be compared. Daphnia are small invertebrates that are found in aquatic environments, more commonly known as ‘water fleas’. They are approximately 3mm in length and have simple internal structures. They have transparent skin that allows you to view their internal organs, making them ideal subjects for scientific experiments. 2. Hypothesis It is expected that theRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1798 Words   |  8 PagesThere were three major outbreaks of the Black Death pandemic in the world. In the history the Black Plague is also called as the Black Death or Bubonic Plague. This research paper will mainly cover the European outbreak of the 14th century as it is considered to be the era of the worst time of the Black Death period. Many historians would agree that the events of 1300s led to dramatic changes affecting every European country in all the aspects. Creating economic, social, religious, and medical issuesRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia2723 Words   |  11 Pagesand even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on the environment. Daphnia is a water flea used in this experiment because of its genomic infras tructure with wide range of phenotypic diversity. This quality of Daphnia makes them a versatile model for the experiment. Also their transparent body allows the experimenter to visually see howRead MoreWhat s Of A Scientist? S Tool Box? Essay2109 Words   |  9 PagesWHAT S IN A SCIENTIST S TOOL BOX? LITERATURE REVIEW The microscope has been one of the greatest contributions to scientific study known to mankind and like a hammer is found in every carpenter s toolbox, one would find a microscope in a scientist s toolbox. A microscope is used to view matter not obvious with 20/20 vision and can magnify objects as small as the smallest atom. The nomenclature for microscope derives from two words, mikros and skopein which means seeing small. The historyRead MoreMicroorganisms - Friend or Foe2182 Words   |  9 Pagesin everyday, non-scientific terms as ‘germs’  or  bugs. Each disease has a specific pathogen, i.e. different diseases are caused by different kinds of germ. If the disease organism can be transmitted from one person to another it is said to be  infectious. Non-infectious diseases, such as allergies, cancer, vitamin deficiency, and mental illness may develop when the body is not functioning properly. Common infectious diseases can be spread (or be caught) by consuming food or water containing pathogensRead MoreThe Black Death As A Turning Point Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesYersinia pestis, which was carried on the fleas off infected black rats and spread to Europe by Genoese trading ships from Asia. Some historians believed the Black Death marked the beginning of a deep recession within Britain as well as the beginning of the Renaissance, a period of striking artistic expression, whereas other historians seem to take the view point that the Black Death simply amplified an already declining Britain. In respect of this, in this paper the state of Britain at the time willRead Moretropical rainforest Essay5226 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿3.1.1. Why does life thrive in the tropical rainforest? The tropical rainforest is very rich in water and food thus life thrives. We all know that food and water are the things that animals need the most for their survival. It also has a warm temperature due to the constant energy that the sun provides. The plants need the sunlight for the process of photosynthesis to be completed and use it to derived energy. And the plants serve as the food for some animals and these animals serve as the foodRead MoreBiohazards of Sewage Sludge Essay4861 Words   |  20 Pagesdefinitions. Thus for the sake of this paper we will treat the two definitions as equal and interchangeable. While in most cases, the composition of the received wastewater is uncontrollable, the makeup of the resultant sludge must be known in order to determine its suitablility for various uses (Prod, cornell). When evaluating the composition of sludge, its physical and chemical properties must be considered. Questions that should be asked are: How much water and solid matter does it contain?Read MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesBeacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beachams Guide to Literature for Young Adults: About the Author, Overview, Setting, Literary Qualities, Social Sensitivity, Topics for Discussion, Ideas for Reports and Papers.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copywritten by BookRags, Inc. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronicRead MoreLogical Reasoning18993 0 Words   |  760 PagesExplanations ........................................................................................ 483 Assessing Alternative Explanations ................................................................................................ 488 The Scientific Method ........................................................................................................................ 490 Some Case Studies .............................................................................................

The Nature of Play Essay - 1804 Words

Scenario) You are working in an Early Years setting and within the team there is conflict about the nature of play and its role in the curriculum. Demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the nature of play, explain what it is, why children engage in it and how it contributes to children’s development and learning. Critically engage with the literature and include the views of key theorists about the significance of play ‘Early childhood education is underpinned by a strong tradition which regards play as essential to learning and development’ (Wood Attefield, 2005: 1). This view is derived from educators such as Vygotsky, Frobel, Bruce, Isaac and Moyles who have carried out various research and observations on the effects of†¦show more content†¦Such an importance is highlighted by Vygotsky: ‘in play, a child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour, in play it is as though he were a head taller than his normal self’ (Tassoni Beith, 2002:366) Hence the engagement of play allows children to demonstrate knowledge and abilities which are beyond their everyday competence. On the other hand, despite play allowing children to gain new knowledge and experience, it can also allow them to express skills and techniques they already posses, allowing them to adapt, refine and use them in new situations. ‘Every human child is born with the biological possibility to play’ as stated by (Bruce, 2001) therefore many children are eager to play when given the right environment and resources. Play is an activity that is self driven and freely chosen by each individual child thus making it more likely to be carried out. ‘Whilst playing, a child creates their own rules therefore he or she is determining what is the right or wrong way to carry out the activity’ (Wood Attefield, 2005). This open structure to play, leads a child to experiment and engage in new situations without the fear of failure thus fostering their mental growth. The notion of play allows a child to take on an ‘inventive role in constructing new ideas and setting their own goals’ as described by Smidth (2002:8) thus allowing them to build onShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature in a Shakespearean Play1446 Words   |  6 Pagesabout human life and personality from novels than from scientific psy chology† – Noam Chomsky The audience in a play is the most important aspect because of each individual’s interpretation and point of view. While an author or playwright may have certain themes or things to be reflected in the play, that may not always happen and several plays often have several meanings or theme. A play written by William Shakespeare has stood the test of time and sparked many debates, regarding the many themes andRead MoreHuman Nature in Shakespears Plays2096 Words   |  9 PagesTopic- in Shakespeare’s plays how is his unusual detailed knowledge of nature as well as of human beings shown? Shakespeare was a man who deeply loved nature and the beauty of it. He was not just an author who experienced and enjoyed nature but also as someone who studied, understood and knew nature intimately. In this essay there will be discussions about how Shakespeare would often use examples from nature to describe the nature of human beings in his plays and how did he show a deep understandingRead MoreEssay The play Amadeus and the Destructive Nature of Jealousy533 Words   |  3 Pages The play quot;Amadeusquot; is Mainly Concerned With the Destructive Nature of Jealousy This passage is all too true, both in Peter Shaffers ‘Amadeus and in life in general. However the play is also concerned with the destructive nature of ignorance and naivety. Salieri is jealous not just of Mozarts talent, but of the fact that God gave the talent to â€Å"Mozart †¦ spiteful, sniggering, conceited, infantine Mozart†. He is envious of the vessel of Gods laughter at the ‘patron saint of mediocrityRead MoreSophocles Antigone : A Play That Deals With The Nature Of Justice2010 Words   |  9 PagesSophocles’ Antigone is a play that deals with the nature of justice on multiple levels. But at its core, the play centers around the plight of the titular Antigone, as she attempts to find a proper burial for her brother Polyneices. However, Antigone’s mission directly contradicts the decree of the powerful Creon, who refuses to allow Polyneices this burial, even if such a stance goes against the will of the gods. Eventually, Creon responds to the ire of the gods and finally gives Polyneices an honorableRead MoreThe Ideas Of Theorists That Have Influenced The Changing Nature Of Play3164 Words   |  13 Pageschanging nature of play and how practitioners can plan purposeful play within curriculums, approaches and frameworks. Other key points of this essay include how play and recreation enrich the lives of children or young adults and what that means for practitioners. Hurd and Anderson, (2011) states that â€Å"play is imaginative, intrinsically motivated, nonserious, freely chosen and actively engaging, where as recreation is an activity of leisure and considered to be ‘fun’. Over the centuries play has changedRead More Nature Versus Nurture: Both Play a Role in Development Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesNature versus nurture is a commonly debated topic in the scientific world. For example were all child molesters abused as children themselves or are their genes or other factors to blame for their bad decisions? Genes seem to determine much about children, such as eye color and height, but do they also determine behavior and overall health, or is the environment the children were raised in to blame? For example, when a child is misbehaving, is it the parents responsibility to take the blame forRead MoreDo Humans Play Climate Change Or Is It Just Mother Nature?916 Words   |  4 PagesDo humans play a part in climate change or is it just mother nature? I believe that humans are play the main role in climate change. Since the Industrial age humans have played the main role in climate change because of greenhouse gases which cause the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gas that we emit is carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, the other greenhouse gases that we emit are methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Fluorinated gases. These greenhouse gases will absorb and re-emit someRead MoreNurture Plays a More Dominant Role in Humans Development than Nature986 Words   |  4 Pagescountless decades now and is better known as â€Å"Nature versus Nurture†. The continuous controversy on whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has pondered the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to see that nurture is far more important in the development of a human than nature. The Nature versus Nurture argument can be traced backRead MoreThe Omen: Forces of Nature Play a Very Important Role in Julius Caesar1127 Words   |  5 PagesForces of nature play a very important role in Julius Caesar. There is much attention paid to omens and nightmares and how they foreshadow Caesars death. The events that lead to the death of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from multiple characters such as Calpurnia, Caesars wife, the Soothsayer, and a teacher, Artemidorus. The omens in the play were ignored by a majority of the main characters. Even though ignored, these omens appear even after Caesars death to show the guilt-ridden nature of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello Is A Play About Human Nature And Relationships1400 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare s Othello is a play about human nature and relationships. By studying these human relationships, differences in race, gender and class suggest that as in all other societies, Venetian society consists both of empowered groups, and constrained groups. These relationships, discussed with reference to Othello, Desdemona, Iago, Emilia, Cassio, Bianca, Lodovico and a number of other characters, are revealed through words and actio ns. The relationship between Iago and Emilia is a superb example

Statistics Generalized Linear Models †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Statistics Generalized Linear Models. Answer: Introduction: The statistical data analysis plays an important role in the research study regarding any business problem or other organizational problems. The study of the consumption of the different types of beverages is helpful for understanding the habits of the students towards beverages. Also, this study should be helpful for the management of the products and production of the related companies. Here we have to analyze the survey data collected from the 75 students in the university. We have to study the average number of serves of different types of beverages. Also, we are interested in the demand and beverage preferences for the different types of beverages. Also, we want to check the impact of price on the change of preference of the beverages. For the analysis of the given data regarding the student preferences of the beverages, we have to use the descriptive statistics, graphical analysis and inferential statistics for the analysis of the given data. By using the descriptive statistics , we have to study some descriptive characteristics of the data. The use of inferential statistics or testing of hypothesis is mandatory for checking the different claims under study. We would check the claim regarding the difference between the average numbers of serves for the five different types of beverages. Research Question: For this research study, the research question or research hypothesis is established as below: Whether there is any significant difference in the average number of serves of five different types of beverages or not? Data collection is very important initial stage of any research study (Degroot, 2002). As we know the data of 75 students is randomly selected from the given population data, so we would get unbiased estimates for this research study. The selection of the 75 students is based on the simple random sampling method. The data is collected for the different questions in the given questionnaire. Data or responses from the respondents are collected from the students and stored in well prepared table or excel sheet. Then this data is used for the statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis: In this topic, we have to analyze the given data by using the statistical tools and techniques. We have to use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for understanding the nature of data and checking the claims regarding the data variables. Descriptive statistics explains the idea about the nature and spread of the variable (Bickel, 2000). Frequency distributions are very useful for easy understanding of the distribution of the categories (Babbie, 2009). First of all we have to see some frequency distributions. The frequency distribution for the student origin is given as below: From the above table for frequency distribution for the variable student origin, it is found that there are 7 international students involved in the sample for research study. There are 68 domestic student participated in the research study. Now, we have to see the impact of price on the change of preference. The frequency distributions are summarised as below: From the given data, it is observed that 63 students are not ready for changing the preference of the beverages they use although the costs of the second preference beverages is reduced by 25%. For the same scenario, it is observed that 12 students are ready for changing their preference if the cost of the second preference is less than 25% of their first preference beverage. Now, we have to see the same distribution if the second preference was 40% cheaper than the most preferred beverage. The distribution is given as below: For the scenario of costs for second preference is less than 40%, it is observed that 44 students are not ready to change their first preference beverage while 31 students are ready to change their first preference if the cost of the second preference is less than 40% from the first preference. Now, we have to see the same distribution if the second preference was 60% cheaper than the most preferred beverage. The distribution is given as below: For the scenario of the reduction of the price of second preference by 60%, it is observed that 31 students are not ready for changing their preference. For these 31 students, there is no importance of cost against their preference. Remaining 44 students are ready to change their first preferences if the cost of the second beverage is reduced by 60%. This means, it is observed that the preference of the beverage would be change only if there is more significant difference between the prices of the beverages exists. Inferential statistics plays an important role in the process of decision making (Antony, 2003). Now, we have to check the hypothesis or claim whether the average number of serves of given five types of beverages (such as soft drinks, fruit juice, Tea/Coffee, Energy drinks, and other drinks) are same or not. For comparing the averages for more than two populations, the use of ANOVA is better as compared to multiple uses of t tests (Casella, 2002 Null hypothesis: H0: There is no any statistically significant differences in the average number of serves of given five types of beverages such as soft drinks, fruit juice, Tea/Coffee, Energy drinks, and other drinks. Alternative hypothesis: Ha: There is a statistically significant difference in the average number of serves of given five types of beverages such as soft drinks, fruit juice, Tea/Coffee, Energy drinks, and other drinks. The test statistic value for checking the significant differences between the population average numbers of serves of the five different types of beverages, the test statistic value for this ANOVA test is given as F = 118 approximately with the p-value of 0.00. We reject the null hypothesis that the average numbers of the serves of the beverages are same. This means we conclude that the average numbers of the serves of the beverages are not same. The average number of serves of soft drinks, fruit juice, tea-coffee, energy drinks, and other drinks are different. Conclusions: From the given data, it is observed that 63 students are not ready for changing the preference of the beverages they use although the costs of the second preference beverages is reduced by 25%. For the same scenario, it is observed that 12 students are ready for changing their preference if the cost of the second preference is less than 25% of their first preference beverage. For the scenario of costs for second preference is less than 40%, it is observed that 44 students are not ready to change their first preference beverage while 31 students are ready to change their first preference if the cost of the second preference is less than 40% from the first preference. For the scenario of the reduction of the price of second preference by 60%, it is observed that 31 students are not ready for changing their preference. For these 31 students, there is no importance of cost against their preference. Remaining 44 students are ready to change their first preferences if the cost of the second beverage is reduced by 60%. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average numbers of the serves of the beverages are not same. The average number of serves of soft drinks, fruit juice, tea-coffee, energy drinks, and other drinks are different. References: Antony, J, 2003, Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists, Butterworth Limited. Babbie, E, R, 2009, The Practice of Social Research, Wadsworth. Beran, R, 2000, React scatterplot smoothers: Superefficiency through basis economy, Journal of the American Statistical Association. Bickel, P, J, and Doksum, K, A, 2000, Mathematical Statistics: Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, Vol I, Prentice Hall. Casella, G, and Berger, R, L, 2002, Statistical Inference, Duxbury Press. Cox, D, R, and Hinkley, D, V, 2000, Theoretical Statistics, Chapman and Hall Ltd. Degroot, M, and Schervish, M, 2002, Probability and Statistics, Addison - Wesley. Dobson, A, J, 2001, An introduction to generalized linear models, Chapman and Hall Ltd.